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© Copyright 2002 – 2009
Michael Edward McNeil
Impearls: HIC 8.1.2: Numbers
Item page — this may be a chapter or subsection of a larger work. Click on link to access entire piece.
Earthdate 2005-11-12
The population of the Hupa as far as the South Fork of the Trinity maybe estimated at barely 1,000 before the discovery. There do not appear to have been much more than 600 Indians in the valley proper. Even this gives a higher average per village than holds through the region. The first agent in 1866 reported 650. In 1903, a careful estimate yielded 450. The Federal census of 1910 reckons over 600, but probably includes all the children of diverse tribal affiliation brought to the Government school in the valley. In any event, the proportion of survivors is one of the highest in California. This may be ascribed to three causes: the inaccessibility of the region and its comparative poverty in placer gold; the establishment of a reservation which allowed the Hupa uninterrupted occupancy of their ancestral dwellings; and an absence of the lamentable laxity of administration characteristic for many years of the other Indian reservations of California; which fortunate circumstance is probably due in the main to this reservation having been long in charge of military officers.
In 1851 the Yurok listed to the Government officials 99 Hupa houses, distributed as follows:
| Honsading | 9 |
| Miskut | 6 |
| Takimitlding | 20 |
| Tsewenalding | 10 |
| Medilding | 28 |
5 other villages in and above Hupa valley, not positively identified |
23 |
| Tlelding | 3 |
| ____ | |
| Total | 99 |
The enumeration may not have been complete — it would yield only 750 Hupa; but even a liberal allowance for omission of small settlements would keep the entire group within the 1,000 mark.
The following report of the population in 1870 is of interest:
| Males. | Females. | |
|---|---|---|
| Honsading | 25 | 30 |
| Miskut | 32 | 49 |
| Takimitlding | 51 | 74 |
| Tsewenalding | 14 | 31 |
| Medilding | 75 | 100 |
| Howunkut | 31 | 39 |
| Djishtangading | 14 | 36 |
| “Sawmill” | 16 | 24 |
| _____ | _____ | |
| 258 | 383 | |
| _____ | ||
| Total Hupa | 641 | |
| Chilula, Nongatl, Wiyot, etc. | 233 | |
| _____ | ||
| 874 |
These figures may not be taken with too much reliance. There is nothing that has so great an illusory accuracy as the census of an Indian reservation as it has been customary to make them. In the same year another agent reported only 649 Indians on the reservation — 301 males and 348 females. But the figures, like those that precede, give some conception of the relative importance of the villages, with Takimitlding and Medilding, the religious centers of the two halves of the valley, far in the lead. And they indicate that 20 years of contact with the Americans had been heavily disastrous only to the Hupa men. Bullets, not disease, killed in these first years.
But native practices also contributed. About the late [eighteen] sixties a feud arose between Takimitlding and Tsewenalding. A woman of the latter place was assaulted by an American soldier and stabbed him. Not long after, either in resentment or for some other cause, soldiers killed a Takimitlding youth. The Takimitlding people could not or dared not revenge themselves on the military, but holding the woman ultimately responsible for the loss of their man, sought reprisals among her relatives of Tsewenalding. In the “war” that followed the people of the smaller village suffered heavily. The aggregate losses of both sides were about 20. The towns belonged to the same division and stood a scant mile apart on the same side of the river.
Dams were built across the river to catch salmon in alternate summers at Takimitlding and Medilding. There is in this arrangement a wise adjustment between the two largest and most sacred towns and the rights of the upper and lower halves of the valley.
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